This analysis explores work experience differences among the genders at Golden Valley, focusing on critical variables like salary, job demands, work-life conflict, and turnover. The HR and survey-based analysis comparing male and female workers is conducted to assess disparities in workplace conditions and career outcomes. The report also develops a predictive model for employee turnover factors and explains the findings that could help in improving workforce management through gender equality.
Table 1: Annual Salary statistics
Group Statistics |
|||||
|
Gender |
N |
Mean |
Std. Deviation |
Std. Error Mean |
Annual_Salary |
Male |
254 |
$141,330.1929 |
$31,135.83070 |
$1,953.63577 |
Female |
317 |
$99,094.0978 |
$28,751.84269 |
$1,614.86437 |
Table 2: Analysing trends of annual salary among gender using t-test
Independent Samples Test |
||||||||||
|
Levene's Test for Equality of Variances |
t-test for Equality of Means |
||||||||
F |
Sig. |
t |
df |
Sig. (2-tailed) |
Mean Difference |
Std. Error Difference |
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference |
|||
Lower |
Upper |
|||||||||
Annual_Salary |
Equal variances assumed |
.429 |
.513 |
16.810 |
569 |
.000 |
$42,236.09512 |
$2,512.48365 |
$37,301.22068 |
$47,170.96956 |
Equal variances not assumed |
|
|
16.663 |
521.805 |
.000 |
$42,236.09512 |
$2,534.65573 |
$37,256.71161 |
$47,215.47863 |
Table1 and 2 interprets the t-test results that identifies significant inequities in compensation structure at Golden Valley. It is interpreted that there exists significant salary disparity between male and female with male average earning of $141,330 while comparing $99,094 for female staffs. It is determined that average earning of male staffs is $42,236 higher than the female staff at Golden Valley.
Table 3: Holidays taken statistics
Group Statistics |
|||||
|
Gender |
N |
Mean |
Std. Deviation |
Std. Error Mean |
Sick_days_Taken_YTD |
Male |
254 |
5.1850 |
3.20715 |
.20123 |
Female |
317 |
4.9274 |
3.15493 |
.17720 |
|
Holiday_days_taken_YTD |
Male |
254 |
9.9921 |
6.45691 |
.40514 |
Female |
317 |
9.8265 |
5.88052 |
.33028 |
Table 4: Comparison of holidays using t-test
Independent Samples Test |
||||||||||
|
Levene's Test for Equality of Variances |
t-test for Equality of Means |
||||||||
F |
Sig. |
t |
df |
Sig. (2-tailed) |
Mean Difference |
Std. Error Difference |
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference |
|||
Lower |
Upper |
|||||||||
Sick_days_Taken_YTD |
Equal variances assumed |
.037 |
.848 |
.962 |
569 |
.336 |
.25759 |
.26765 |
-.26810 |
.78329 |
Equal variances not assumed |
|
|
.961 |
538.326 |
.337 |
.25759 |
.26813 |
-.26912 |
.78431 |
|
Holiday_days_taken_YTD |
Equal variances assumed |
7.806 |
.005 |
.320 |
569 |
.749 |
.16563 |
.51735 |
-.85053 |
1.18178 |
Equal variances not assumed |
|
|
.317 |
517.891 |
.751 |
.16563 |
.52271 |
-.86127 |
1.19252 |
Table 3 and 4 provides results on t-test that compares means of number of holidays taken by male and female staffs at Golden Valley. Table 3 provides grouping statistics on number of holidays and sick days taken by the respective gender roles including male and female staffs at Golden Valley. Table 4 interprets that, there exists no significant differences in the means of holidays or sick leaves taken by male and female which reflects equity of the workplace policies regarding leaves.
Table 5: Work-life conflict, and associated levels of stress and burnout statistics
Group Statistics |
|||||
|
Gender |
N |
Mean |
Std. Deviation |
Std. Error Mean |
Burnout |
Male |
254 |
.3902 |
.25742 |
.01615 |
Female |
317 |
.3744 |
.26957 |
.01514 |
|
Stress |
Male |
254 |
.5394 |
.22708 |
.01425 |
Female |
317 |
.5047 |
.22149 |
.01244 |
|
Work_life_conflict |
Male |
254 |
.4169 |
.30123 |
.01890 |
Female |
317 |
.6691 |
.21374 |
.01201 |
Table 6: Gender comparison of Work-life conflict, and associated levels of stress and burnout
Independent Samples Test |
||||||||||
|
Levene's Test for Equality of Variances |
t-test for Equality of Means |
||||||||
F |
Sig. |
t |
df |
Sig. (2-tailed) |
Mean Difference |
Std. Error Difference |
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference |
|||
Lower |
Upper |
|||||||||
Burnout |
Equal variances assumed |
.920 |
.338 |
.706 |
569 |
.480 |
.01571 |
.02225 |
-.02800 |
.05942 |
Equal variances not assumed |
|
|
.710 |
551.830 |
.478 |
.01571 |
.02214 |
-.02778 |
.05920 |
|
Stress |
Equal variances assumed |
1.219 |
.270 |
1.836 |
569 |
.067 |
.03464 |
.01886 |
-.00241 |
.07169 |
Equal variances not assumed |
|
|
1.831 |
536.254 |
.068 |
.03464 |
.01892 |
-.00252 |
.07179 |
|
Work_life_conflict |
Equal variances assumed |
63.801 |
.000 |
-11.680 |
569 |
.000 |
-.25216 |
.02159 |
-.29456 |
-.20975 |
Equal variances not assumed |
|
|
-11.261 |
440.864 |
.000 |
-.25216 |
.02239 |
-.29616 |
-.20815 |
Table 6 interprets t-test results that shows that females at Golden Valley experiences more work-life conflicts as interpreting p-value at 0.000. Table 5 provides that the mean of work-life conflicts is interpreted as 0.6691 in female while comparing 0.4169 of male. On the other hand, no significant differences exists in stress or burnout at p-values of 0.067 and 0.480 respectively.
Table 7: Crosstab of Gender* Gossip and slander
Count |
|||||||||||||
|
Gossip_and_slander |
Total |
|||||||||||
.00 |
.10 |
.20 |
.30 |
.40 |
.50 |
.60 |
.70 |
.80 |
.90 |
1.00 |
|||
Gender |
Female |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
17 |
45 |
62 |
37 |
73 |
46 |
26 |
317 |
Male |
21 |
46 |
18 |
22 |
27 |
32 |
22 |
14 |
17 |
27 |
8 |
254 |
|
Other / wish not to disclose |
2 |
10 |
12 |
11 |
20 |
27 |
36 |
51 |
37 |
39 |
27 |
272 |
|
Total |
25 |
59 |
33 |
36 |
64 |
104 |
120 |
102 |
127 |
112 |
61 |
843 |
Table 8: Chi-Square Tests of Gender* Gossip and slander
|
Value |
df |
Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) |
Pearson Chi-Square |
208.676a |
20 |
.000 |
Likelihood Ratio |
209.182 |
20 |
.000 |
Linear-by-Linear Association |
5.724 |
1 |
.017 |
N of Valid Cases |
843 |
|
|
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 7.53. |
Table 7 and 8 interprets chi-square test results that shows significant differences between gender roles considering experiences of gossips, and slander. The p-value of 0.000 determines higher rates of female gossips compared to males at Golden Valley workplace.
Table 9: Crosstab of Conflicts and quarrels
Count |
|||||||||||||
|
Conflict_and_quarrels |
Total |
|||||||||||
.00 |
.10 |
.20 |
.30 |
.40 |
.50 |
.60 |
.70 |
.80 |
.90 |
1.00 |
|||
Gender |
Female |
0 |
6 |
5 |
3 |
24 |
54 |
64 |
34 |
43 |
56 |
28 |
317 |
Male |
9 |
28 |
36 |
43 |
17 |
27 |
23 |
24 |
14 |
20 |
13 |
254 |
|
Other / wish not to disclose |
6 |
6 |
8 |
15 |
26 |
43 |
39 |
26 |
44 |
38 |
21 |
272 |
|
Total |
15 |
40 |
49 |
61 |
67 |
124 |
126 |
84 |
101 |
114 |
62 |
843 |
Table 10: Chi-Square Tests of Conflicts and quarrels
|
Value |
df |
Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) |
Pearson Chi-Square |
180.315a |
20 |
.000 |
Likelihood Ratio |
182.350 |
20 |
.000 |
Linear-by-Linear Association |
7.001 |
1 |
.008 |
N of Valid Cases |
843 |
|
|
a. 2 cells (6.1%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4.52. |
Table 9 and 10 interprets chi-square test results that shows significant differences between gender roles considering experiences of gossips, and slander. The p-value of 0.000 determines higher rates of female conflicts and quarrels compared to males at Golden Valley workplace.
Table 11: Crosstab of Cyber bullying
Count |
|||||||||||||
|
Cyber_bullying |
Total |
|||||||||||
.00 |
.10 |
.20 |
.30 |
.40 |
.50 |
.60 |
.70 |
.80 |
.90 |
1.00 |
|||
Gender |
Female |
20 |
33 |
26 |
32 |
30 |
29 |
35 |
37 |
30 |
28 |
17 |
317 |
Male |
18 |
21 |
33 |
20 |
22 |
22 |
24 |
27 |
25 |
32 |
10 |
254 |
|
Other / wish not to disclose |
16 |
24 |
28 |
25 |
34 |
33 |
28 |
22 |
28 |
23 |
11 |
272 |
|
Total |
54 |
78 |
87 |
77 |
86 |
84 |
87 |
86 |
83 |
83 |
38 |
843 |
Table 12: Chi-Square Tests of Cyber bullying
|
Value |
df |
Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) |
Pearson Chi-Square |
15.082a |
20 |
.772 |
Likelihood Ratio |
14.862 |
20 |
.784 |
Linear-by-Linear Association |
.255 |
1 |
.614 |
N of Valid Cases |
843 |
|
|
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 11.45. |
Table 11 and 12 interprets chi-square test results that shows significant differences between gender roles considering experiences of gossips, and slander. The p-value of 0.772 determines no difference between the rate of cyberbullying between the male and female staff members working at Golden Valley.
Table 13: Crosstab of Sexual harassment
Count |
||||||||||
|
Sexual_Harrassment |
Total |
||||||||
.00 |
.10 |
.20 |
.30 |
.70 |
.80 |
.90 |
1.00 |
|||
Gender |
Female |
1 |
7 |
6 |
1 |
50 |
103 |
88 |
61 |
317 |
Male |
11 |
45 |
51 |
20 |
15 |
48 |
42 |
22 |
254 |
|
Other / wish not to disclose |
7 |
22 |
8 |
4 |
33 |
73 |
82 |
43 |
272 |
|
Total |
19 |
74 |
65 |
25 |
98 |
224 |
212 |
126 |
843 |
Table 14: Chi-Square Tests of Sexual harassment
|
Value |
df |
Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) |
Pearson Chi-Square |
195.181a |
14 |
.000 |
Likelihood Ratio |
193.615 |
14 |
.000 |
Linear-by-Linear Association |
11.347 |
1 |
.001 |
N of Valid Cases |
843 |
|
|
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5.72. |
Table 13 and 14 interprets chi-square test results that shows significant differences between gender roles considering experiences of gossips, and slander. The p-value (Asymptotic Significance) of 0.000 determines higher rates of female sexual harassments compared to males at Golden Valley.
Table 15: Group Statistics of Job demands
|
Gender |
N |
Mean |
Std. Deviation |
Std. Error Mean |
Quantitative_demands |
Male |
254 |
.5327 |
.28451 |
.01785 |
Female |
317 |
.5035 |
.29781 |
.01673 |
|
Emotional_demands |
Male |
254 |
.5240 |
.26838 |
.01684 |
Female |
317 |
.5161 |
.27747 |
.01558 |
|
Role_clarity |
Male |
254 |
.4449 |
.29413 |
.01846 |
Female |
317 |
.4265 |
.29798 |
.01674 |
Table 16: Independent Samples Test ofJob demands
|
Levene's Test for Equality of Variances |
t-test for Equality of Means |
||||||||
F |
Sig. |
t |
df |
Sig. (2-tailed) |
Mean Difference |
Std. Error Difference |
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference |
|||
Lower |
Upper |
|||||||||
Quantitative_demands |
Equal variances assumed |
.902 |
.343 |
1.188 |
569 |
.235 |
.02921 |
.02459 |
-.01909 |
.07750 |
Equal variances not assumed |
|
|
1.194 |
551.753 |
.233 |
.02921 |
.02446 |
-.01885 |
.07726 |
|
Emotional_demands |
Equal variances assumed |
1.188 |
.276 |
.344 |
569 |
.731 |
.00793 |
.02303 |
-.03730 |
.05316 |
Equal variances not assumed |
|
|
.346 |
549.329 |
.730 |
.00793 |
.02294 |
-.03714 |
.05300 |
|
Role_clarity |
Equal variances assumed |
.032 |
.859 |
.737 |
569 |
.462 |
.01838 |
.02495 |
-.03062 |
.06739 |
Equal variances not assumed |
|
|
.738 |
545.075 |
.461 |
.01838 |
.02491 |
-.03056 |
.06732 |
Table 15 and 16 interprets t-test results no significant differences as interpreting varied p-values of 0.235, 0.731 and 0.462 for quantitative demands, emotional demands and role clarity respectively between gender roles for job demand within the Golden Valley Industries.
Table 17: Group Statistics of Psychosocial support
|
Gender |
N |
Mean |
Std. Deviation |
Std. Error Mean |
Quality_of_leadership |
Male |
254 |
.4984 |
.27201 |
.01707 |
Female |
317 |
.4688 |
.26696 |
.01499 |
|
Collegial_support |
Male |
254 |
.4594 |
.27885 |
.01750 |
Female |
317 |
.4741 |
.26258 |
.01475 |
|
Management_support |
Male |
254 |
.4579 |
.30360 |
.01905 |
Female |
317 |
.4603 |
.28805 |
.01618 |
Table 18: Independent Samples Test ofPsychosocial support
|
Levene's Test for Equality of Variances |
t-test for Equality of Means |
||||||||
F |
Sig. |
t |
df |
Sig. (2-tailed) |
Mean Difference |
Std. Error Difference |
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference |
|||
Lower |
Upper |
|||||||||
Quality_of_leadership |
Equal variances assumed |
.139 |
.710 |
1.308 |
569 |
.191 |
.02966 |
.02267 |
-.01487 |
.07419 |
Equal variances not assumed |
|
|
1.305 |
537.765 |
.192 |
.02966 |
.02272 |
-.01497 |
.07428 |
|
Collegial_support |
Equal variances assumed |
2.793 |
.095 |
-.646 |
569 |
.519 |
-.01468 |
.02273 |
-.05933 |
.02996 |
Equal variances not assumed |
|
|
-.642 |
527.167 |
.521 |
-.01468 |
.02288 |
-.05964 |
.03027 |
|
Management_support |
Equal variances assumed |
2.998 |
.084 |
-.096 |
569 |
.924 |
-.00238 |
.02485 |
-.05118 |
.04643 |
Equal variances not assumed |
|
|
-.095 |
529.178 |
.924 |
-.00238 |
.02499 |
-.05147 |
.04672 |
Table 17 and 18 provides t-test results stating no significant gender differences in perceptions of psychological support. The p-values reported as, 0.191, 0.519 and 0.924 for quality of leadership, collegial support and management support respectively are perceived similarly by males and females working in Golden Valley.
Table 19: Gender * Appraisal Crosstabulation
Count |
||||||
|
Appraisal |
Total |
||||
under-performance |
satisfactory |
effective performance |
highly effective |
|||
Gender |
Female |
113 |
135 |
32 |
37 |
317 |
Male |
52 |
100 |
46 |
56 |
254 |
|
Other / wish not to disclose |
83 |
98 |
49 |
42 |
272 |
|
Total |
248 |
333 |
127 |
135 |
843 |
Table 20: Chi-Square TestsGender * Appraisal
|
Value |
df |
Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) |
Pearson Chi-Square |
30.690a |
6 |
.000 |
Likelihood Ratio |
31.540 |
6 |
.000 |
Linear-by-Linear Association |
6.815 |
1 |
.009 |
N of Valid Cases |
843 |
|
|
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 38.27. |
Table 19 and 20 reports chi-square test results that displays significant differences in performance appraisal ratings between genders as interpreting p-value being significant at 0.000. The test interprets highest number of males, n=56 as highly effective for performance appraisal at Golden Valley.
Table 21: Gender * Promotion Crosstabulation
Count |
||||
|
Promotion |
Total |
||
did not receive a promotion |
received a promotion |
|||
Gender |
Female |
297 |
20 |
317 |
Male |
236 |
18 |
254 |
|
Other / wish not to disclose |
248 |
24 |
272 |
|
Total |
781 |
62 |
843 |
Table 22: Chi-Square Tests of Gender * Promotion
|
Value |
df |
Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) |
Pearson Chi-Square |
1.397a |
2 |
.497 |
Likelihood Ratio |
1.373 |
2 |
.503 |
Linear-by-Linear Association |
1.335 |
1 |
.248 |
N of Valid Cases |
843 |
|
|
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 18.68. |
Table 21 and 22 interprets chi-square test results showing no significant differences between genders receiving promotion at Golden Valley. The results support equal opportunities provided at Golden Valley to males and female both to earn promotion by hard work at their respective roles.
Table 23: Gender * LeaverStatusCrosstabulation
Count |
||||
|
LeaverStatus |
Total |
||
non-leaver |
left |
|||
Gender |
Female |
308 |
9 |
317 |
Male |
248 |
6 |
254 |
|
Other / wish not to disclose |
263 |
9 |
272 |
|
Total |
819 |
24 |
843 |
Table 24: Chi-Square Tests of Gender * LeaverStatus
|
Value |
df |
Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) |
Pearson Chi-Square |
.426a |
2 |
.808 |
Likelihood Ratio |
.428 |
2 |
.807 |
Linear-by-Linear Association |
.101 |
1 |
.751 |
N of Valid Cases |
843 |
|
|
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 7.23. |
Table 23 and 24 reports chi-square test results that shows no significant differences in turnover rates between male and female staffs working at Golden Valley. The p-value of 0.808 indicates that gender and the turnover rates at Golden Valley is not related.
The predictive model for estimating the turnover at Golden Valley is done through performing Logistic Regression analysis.
Table 25: Logistic Regression Classification Table
Classification Tablea,b |
|||||
|
Observed |
Predicted |
|||
|
LeaverStatus |
Percentage Correct |
|||
|
non-leaver |
left |
|||
Step 0 |
LeaverStatus |
non-leaver |
819 |
0 |
100.0 |
left |
24 |
0 |
.0 |
||
Overall Percentage |
|
|
97.2 |
||
a. Constant is included in the model. |
|||||
b. The cut value is .500 |
The model correctly predicts the 819 non-leavers with 100% precision but incorrectly classifies any of the leavers, thus indicating precision of 0%. Therefore, the overall precision stands at 97.2%, which suggests that the model has precision in predicting non-leavers but failed to detect leavers.
Table 26: Omnibus Tests of Model Coefficients
|
Chi-square |
df |
Sig. |
|
Step 1 |
Step |
15.396 |
2 |
.000 |
Block |
15.396 |
2 |
.000 |
|
Model |
15.396 |
2 |
.000 |
The Chi-square value is 15.396 with p-value <0.001, which indicates the model is significant and the predictors, specifically Quantitative Demands and Cyberbullying, indeed explain meaningful variance related to employee turnover.
Table 27: Model Summary
Step |
-2 Log likelihood |
Cox & Snell R Square |
Nagelkerke R Square |
1 |
202.742a |
.018 |
.079 |
a. Estimation terminated at iteration number 7 because parameter estimates changed by less than .001. |
The Cox & Snell R² = 0.018 and Nagelkerke R² = 0.079 suggest that the model accounts for only 1.8% to 7.9% of the explained variance in turnover. This implies that the model explains very little of the turnover, which requires additional predictors.
Table 28: Variables in the Equation
|
B |
S.E. |
Wald |
df |
Sig. |
Exp(B) |
|
Step 1a |
Quantitative_demands |
.657 |
.731 |
.806 |
1 |
.369 |
1.928 |
Cyber_bullying |
-2.945 |
.847 |
12.097 |
1 |
.001 |
.053 |
|
Constant |
-2.758 |
.519 |
28.204 |
1 |
.000 |
.063 |
|
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: Quantitative_demands, Cyber_bullying. |
Cyberbullying is a strong predictor, B = -2.945, p = 0.001, with high cyberbullying reducing the chances of turnover, Exp(B) = 0.053. Quantitative demands, B = 0.657, p = 0.369, are not significant. It has little to say about the probability of the turnover.
Based on the analysis of gender disparities from Golden Valley, the following recommendations are being forwarded for equity promotion and improvement of workplace condition.
Analysis shows that there remains a huge gender inequality in salary, work-life conflict, and incidents of negative acts at Golden Valley, even though equal leave policies and equal chances of promotion exist. Possible targeted interventions that may lead to a better and more balanced work environment include pay equalisation adjustments and secondary support systems.
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